Ukungabikho kobulungisa kwimbali yobukholoniyali, ukugqilazwa, ukurhweba ngamakhoboka kunye nelifa labo eliqhubekayo lihlala lingachazwanga phakathi kwamazwe kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba abanoxanduva. Kutheni le nto singaboni ukubala okunentsingiselo koku kudlulileyo xa uluntu oluchaphazelekayo kwihlabathi liphela belifuna imbuyekezo amashumi eminyaka kunye neenkulungwane? Asinako ukufikelela kulo naluphi na ulibaziseko kwiinkqubo zokulungisa.
Ngaphandle kokuba abo babandakanyekayo, kwaye baqhubeka bexhamla, kobu bungozi bembali (kubandakanya oorhulumente, iimonarchies, iicawe, abadlali babucala, kunye namaziko oluntu afana neemyuziyam) balwamkela uxanduva kwaye baqale ukulungisa, la malifa aya kuqhubeka elimaza kwaye kubangela ilahleko kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ngelixa ilungelo lembuyekezo lifakwe kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wamalungelo oluntu, oorhulumente abajongene nezimemezo zokucela imbuyekezo baye bacela umngeni ekusebenzeni kwayo kwimpatho-gadalala yobukoloniyali kunye nobukho bomsebenzi phantsi kwezizwe ngezizwe ukubonelela ngembuyekezo kumxholo welifa lembali lithile. Baxoxa ngelithi ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa kudala kakhulu okanye umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe osebenzayo wawungekho ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa, ngoko ke uluntu alunalo ilungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo. Iingxoxo ezinjalo aziyikhathaleli into yokuba ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo okusukela kwikoloniyalizim, ukukhotyokiswa kunye norhwebo ngamakhoboka eAtlantiki akuyekanga, kwaye nenzala yamaxhoba athe ngqo nayo iyachaphazeleka. Ubukholoniyali, ukukhotyokiswa kunye norhwebo ngamakhoboka ayiyongozi yexesha elidlulileyo kuphela. Ilifa labo lisaqhubeka kulwakhiwo lwangoku localucalulo ngokobuhlanga, ukuthotywa kunye nokungalingani. Ngaphezu koko, yeyiphi ingxoxo ekhoyo ityekele ekugxininiseni kwiimfuno zembuyekezo ngoorhulumente bamathanga angaphambili kunokuba izibophelelo kubantu abachaphazelekayo kunye noluntu.
Imbuyekezo idla ngokuqondwa phosakeleyo njengemfuno yemali. Nangona imbuyekezo yezemali inokuba yinxalenye yobulungisa bolungiso, imbuyekezo ingaphezulu kakhulu kwisixa semali etyalwa uluntu nakubantu. Zenzelwe ukuvuma uxanduva lwamazwe ngeziphumo zeenkqubo ezisekelwe ekuthotyweni nasekuxhatshazweni kwabantu, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweempawu zezopolitiko, ezenkcubeko, ezomoya kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zoluntu. Ukulungiswa kungathatha iindlela ezininzi kwaye kufuneka kumiselwe luluntu oluchaphazelekayo, kodwa kunokubandakanya ukubuyisela (kubandakanywa nelungelo lokubuya kwabantu abafudukayo), ukubuyiswa kweentsalela zabantu kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko, ukubuyiswa, ukuxolisa, isikhumbuzo kunye neziqinisekiso zokungaphindaphindi. Uluntu oluchaphazelekayo kufuneka luzinze ngokunyanisekileyo nangengqiqo, lumelwe kwaye luboniswane kwiinkqubo zohlengahlengiso. Uthethathethwano oluthe ngqo lwelizwe-kurhulumente malunga nelifa lobukoloniyali njengoko sibonile kumatyala amva nje kunqabile, ukuba kukhe kwenzeke, kuzise iziphumo zoluntu.
Ukunqanda umjikelo wala malifa, abadlali abanoxanduva kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okubuyisela ngoku. Bamele baseke iinkqubo zokubuyisela ezijolise kwixhoba, ezizimeleyo, eziselubala nezinezibonelelo ezifikeleleka ngokulula kuluntu oluchaphazelekayo, ezivumela ngokunyanisekileyo ukumelwa nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kwezi nkqubo kwaye oko kuya kubangela ukubalwa kokwenyani kunye nala malifa kunye nobulungisa, imbuyekezo kunye nokuphilisa uluntu oluchaphazelekayo.
Iinkqubo ezizizo zokubuyisela imbuyekezo iyakuba linyathelo elisingise kwihlabathi elinobulungisa elizinzisa ubulungisa bobuhlanga, kuquka nokudilizwa kweziseko zengcinezelo ezizinziswe kubukoloniyali. La malifa adale ukungalingani kulwabiwo lobutyebi behlabathi, ukungalingani, ukungalingani kunye nobuhlanga obuzinzileyo obuqhubekayo namhlanje.
Ukuphawula iminyaka eyi-140 ukususela kwiNkomfa yaseBerlin Afrika ngo-1884/1885-ukubona ukwandiswa kwekoloniyali yaseYurophu kwilizwekazi laseAfrika-Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International kunye ne-African Futures Lab - baququzelela le workshop, ethetha njengendawo yokufunda yabasebenzi, uluntu, amatsha ntliziyo kunye nabanye ngeenzame zokuqhubela phambili imbuyekezo.
Uluntu oluninzi oluchaphazelekayo emhlabeni jikelele luye lwazabalazela ukulungiswa ukujongana nokuxhatshazwa kwezizwe ngezizwe, ukubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo, ukungalingani kunye nokulahlekelwa kobutyebi okuvela kwikholoni, ukugqilazwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwekhoboka le-transatlantic. Bajongene nokuchasana neefowuni zabo kwaye kufuneka bahambe kwaye badibanise neenkqubo ezifakwe kwi-coloniality eqhubekayo kunye nokungalingani kwamandla. Ulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi lobuhlanga olusekelwe kubukoloniyali lwenzelwe ukunceda abambalwa kwaye luxabise ubomi obuthile ngaphezu kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, abo babecinezelwe ngokwembali nababekelwe bucala ngokucwangcisiweyo abafuni ukulinda ubulungisa bobuhlanga nobukoloniyali kwakhona. Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ufuna ukulingana okubonakalayo kunye nexabiso labo bonke abantu.
Kule ndibano yocweyo, siza kuqala sibe nendibano yocweyo apho siya kuva ngeengcaphephe, kuquka nabahlali abasokolayo ukufumana imbuyekezo, malunga neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuxoxa ngemingeni namandla okumangala ngobuchule. Siza kuva, phakathi kwezinye, malunga neengxoxo zeNamibia-eJamani ezijongene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwaseJamani olwenziwe eMzantsi-ntshona Afrika, inkqubo yeGreat Lakes-Belgium yokubuyisela ukuthunjwa ngenkani kwabantwana baseMetis, uthethathethwano lwe-UK-Mauritius Chagos malunga nembuyekezo, kunye netyala imbuyekezo eya eFransi.
Emva kwendibano yengxoxo, siya kwahlula abathathi-nxaxheba babe ngamaqela ukuba bangene nzulu kwizifundo ezifundiweyo, baxoxe ngemithetho yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nesakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo wembuyekezo, yeyiphi eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yokubuyisela inokubonakala ngathi, ngelixa sikwaphonononga iindlela ezintsha ezidityanisiweyo zokufezekisa ukuqondwa okugxile kuluntu. welungelo lokubuyisela imbuyekezo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Siza kuxoxa ngendlela esinokuxhobisa ngayo uluntu ekuphumezeni ubulungisa bedecolonial.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuba kujongwane nelifa lembali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba uluntu oluhlelelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele luyakhuselwa. Kukho izibophelelo ezicacileyo zamalungelo oluntu zamazwe ngamazwe ezivimbela zonke iintlobo zocalucalulo, eziqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oMthonyama kunye nokukhusela ilungelo lokulungisa apho ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kwenzeka. Lixesha lokuba sibone efezekiswa la malungelo oluntu.
Ulwimi: IsiNgesi
Kunye: Almaz Teffera, Melissa Hendrickse, Rym Khadhraoui
Kuluntu lwase-Afro, amaTshawelo, iBIPoC*, abafundi, uluntu olusokolayo ukufumana imbuyekezo, izifundiswa, amaGqwetha kunye namaQela oLuntu.
